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Les Sylphides
''Les Sylphides'' is a short, non-narrative ''ballet blanc''. Its original choreography was by Michel Fokine, with music by Frédéric Chopin orchestrated by Alexander Glazunov. Glazunov had already set some of the music in 1892 as a purely orchestral suite, under the title ''Chopiniana'', Op. 46.〔For a list of other works in which a composer paid tribute to another composer by using their name in conjunction with the suffix -ana, see -ana.〕 In that form it was introduced to the public in December 1893, conducted by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.
The ballet, described as a "romantic reverie",〔"Ballet Theater", until 1955. A compact disk of ABT's production, with Mikhail Baryshnikov as the dreamer, is available from Kultor, entitled "American Ballet Theatre at the Met – Mixed Bill (1985)".〕〔See Olga Maynard's definitive account, based on information from Fokine's son Vitale Fokine: "Les Sylphides", ''Dance Magazine'' Portfolio: December 1971, advertised separately by some online booksellers.〕 is frequently cited as the first ballet to be simply about mood and dance.〔 ''Les Sylphides'' has no plot, but instead consists of several white-clad sylphs dancing in the moonlight with the "poet" or "young man" dressed in white tights and a black tunic.
==Performance history==
Identifying the premiere of the fuller ballet poses a challenge. One might say that it premiered in 1907 at the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg as ''Rêverie Romantique: Ballet sur la musique de Chopin''. However, this also formed the basis of a ballet, ''Chopiniana'', which took different forms, even in Fokine's hands.〔George Balanchine, and Francis Mason, ''Balanchine's Complete Stories of the Great Ballets'' (rev. & enlarged edn, Doubleday, 1977), pp. 653–8.〕 As ''Les Sylphides'', what we consider the work was premiered by Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes on 2 June 1909 at Théâtre du Châtelet, Paris. The Diaghilev premiere is the most famous, as its soloists were Tamara Karsavina, Vaslav Nijinsky (as the poet, dreamer, or young man), Anna Pavlova, and Alexandra Baldina. The long white tutu that Pavlova originally danced in, and that the entire female corps de ballet adopted soon after, was designed by Léon Bakst and inspired by a lithograph of Marie Taglioni dressed as a sylph.
The London premiere, in the first season of the Diaghilev Ballets Russes, was at the Royal Opera House. With more sylph-like elusiveness, the North American premiere might be dated by an unauthorized version in the Winter Garden, New York, on 14 June 1911 (featuring Baldina alone from the Diaghilev cast). However, its authorized premiere on that continent, by Diaghilev Ballets Russes, was at the Century Theater, New York City, 20 January 1916, with Lydia Lopokova (who also featured in the unauthorized production five years earlier). Nijinsky danced it with that company at the Metropolitan Opera on 14 April 1916, where it was paired with a similar work to a piano suite (by Robert Schumann), ''Papillons'', also choreographed by Fokine. Fokine also set the ballet for several other companies, and he and his wife, Vera Fokina, danced its leading roles themselves for some years.
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